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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

In 1845 Kelvin (as we’ll call him) had spent some time in Paris (primarily at at a lab that was measuring properties of steam for the French government), and there he’d learned about Carnot’s work from Clapeyron’s paper (at first he couldn’t get a copy of Carnot’s actual book). But first we have to go back a bit in the story.

Energy 88
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The Concept of the Ruliad

Stephen Wolfram

For integers, the obvious notion of equivalence is numerical equality. And just like the speed of light governs the maximum rate at which effects can propagate in physical space, so similarly in our models there’s a “ maximum entanglement speed ” at which effects can propagate in branchial space. For hypergraphs, it’s isomorphism.

Physics 122