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Charting a Course for “Complexity”: Metamodeling, Ruliology and More

Stephen Wolfram

For three centuries theoretical models had been based on the fairly narrow set of constructs provided by mathematical equations, and particularly calculus. But—in something akin to the process of metamodeling—we can ask: What is the essence of what we want to communicate in the word? In some ways, ruliology is like natural science.

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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

Later he describes what he calls the “Principle of the Communication of Heat”. There’s lots of rhetoric: The applicability of the calculus of probabilities to a particular case can of course never be proved with precision. Nevertheless, every insurance company places its faith in the calculus of probabilities.

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