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Charting a Course for “Complexity”: Metamodeling, Ruliology and More

Stephen Wolfram

For that was a time when the concepts of computing were first being worked out—and through approaches like cybernetics and the nascent area of artificial intelligence, people started exploring the broader scientific implications of computational ideas. It’s important, by the way, to distinguish this from computer science.

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Remembering the Improbable Life of Ed Fredkin (1934–2023) and His World of Ideas and Stories

Stephen Wolfram

It didn’t help that his knowledge of physics was at best spotty (and, for example, I don’t think he ever really learned calculus). “Lick” Licklider —who persuaded Ed to join BBN to “teach them about computers”. Nowadays we’d call it the trie (or prefix tree) data structure. But his name shows up from time to time.