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Plant polymers as plastic alternatives

Futurum

The team will be investigating how to manufacture the plant-based packaging using fewer resources and chemicals, less energy, and with an eye on any other socio-ecological impacts. Nowadays, it encompasses artificial intelligence (AI), the brain-computer interface, synthetic biology, and even social and ethical analysis.

Biology 84
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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

By 1807 the term “energy” had been introduced, but the question remained of whether it could in any sense globally be thought of as conserved. It had seemed for a long time that heat was something a bit like mechanical energy, but the relation wasn’t clear—and the caloric theory of heat implied that caloric (i.e.

Energy 88
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Computational Foundations for the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

Sometimes textbooks will gloss over everything; sometimes they’ll give some kind of “common-sense-but-outside-of-physics argument”. With hard spheres there’s built-in conservation of energy, momentum and number of particles. The First Law of thermodynamics asserted that heat was a form of energy, and that overall energy was conserved.

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Winds of change: using dust in Antarctic ice to understand past climates

Futurum

A key rule of physics is that heat energy moves from high-energy to low-energy areas. Through evaluating evidence and mapping out arguments, students can practice this important aspect of scientific communication. The expertise of geologists will be critical for the transition to clean energy.

Geology 52
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Even beyond Physics: Introducing Multicomputation as a Fourth General Paradigm for Theoretical Science

Stephen Wolfram

Events are like functions, whose “arguments” are incoming tokens, and whose output is one or more outgoing tokens. In physics, energy (and mass) act as a “source of gravity”. In general relativity, the singularity theorems say that when there’s “enough energy or mass” it’s inevitable that a singularity will be formed.

Physics 64
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Multicomputation: A Fourth Paradigm for Theoretical Science

Stephen Wolfram

Events are like functions, whose “arguments” are incoming tokens, and whose output is one or more outgoing tokens. In physics, energy (and mass) act as a “source of gravity”. In general relativity, the singularity theorems say that when there’s “enough energy or mass” it’s inevitable that a singularity will be formed.

Science 64
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Launching Version 13.1 of Wolfram Language & Mathematica ??????

Stephen Wolfram

You can give Threaded as an argument to any listable function, not just Plus and Times : &#10005. we’re adding SymmetricDifference : find elements that (in the 2-argument case) are in one list or the other, but not both. How should we then multiply each element by {1,-1} ? We could do this with: &#10005. In Version 13.1

Calculus 114