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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

But, first and foremost, the story of the Second Law is the story of a great intellectual achievement of the mid-19th century. By 1807 the term “energy” had been introduced, but the question remained of whether it could in any sense globally be thought of as conserved. But in plenty of situations it wasn’t.

Energy 88
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The Physicalization of Metamathematics and Its Implications for the Foundations of Mathematics

Stephen Wolfram

And in what follows we’ll see the great power that arises from using this to combine the achievements and intuitions of physics and mathematics—and how this lets us think about new “general laws of mathematics”, and view the ultimate foundations of mathematics in a different light. 3 | The Metamodeling of Axiomatic Mathematics.

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The Concept of the Ruliad

Stephen Wolfram

But what about other models of computation—like cellular automata or register machines or lambda calculus? In other words, we’re concerned more with what computational results are obtained, with what computational resources, rather than on the details of the program constructed to achieve this.

Physics 122