Futurum

APRIL 19, 2023

A nanometre (nm) is a unit of measurement equal to a billionth of a metre, or 0.000001 mm. Nanoscientists manipulate materials at the atomic and molecular level, and thus nanoscience merges physics, chemistry, materials science and biology,” explains Susanne. How small are things at the nanoscale?

Chemistry 52

Chemistry Biology Physics Research 52

Stephen Wolfram

FEBRUARY 3, 2023

But it is only now—with ideas that have emerged from our Physics Project —that I think I can pull all the pieces together and finally be able to construct a proper framework to explain why—and to what extent—the Second Law is true. In some types of rules it’s basically always there , by construction.

Computer 92

Computer Energy Physics Construction 92

Stephen Wolfram

DECEMBER 11, 2023

But in observer theory what we want to do is just characterize the equivalencing that’s achieved. Sometimes then the crucial step of equivalencing different detailed inputs is achieved by simple “numerical aggregation”, most often by accumulation of objects (atoms, raindrops, etc.) or physical effects (forces, currents, etc.).

Physics 120

Physics Mathematics Computer Communications 120

Stephen Wolfram

NOVEMBER 10, 2021

It’s yet another surprising construct that’s arisen from our Physics Project. For integers, the obvious notion of equivalence is numerical equality. In some ways it’s a bit like our efforts to construct the ruliad. The whole continuum of all real numbers is “from the outside” in many ways a simple construct.

Physics 121

Physics Mathematics Computer Construction 121

Futurum

APRIL 12, 2023

Whenever anyone wants to build anything, they must submit an environmental impact statement to show how the environmental impacts of the construction will be minimised. The application has since been taken up by lots of agencies, including the Council for Environmental Equality at the White House.

Geography 98

Geography Publication Government Science 98

Stephen Wolfram

MARCH 7, 2022

When most working mathematicians do mathematics it seems to be typical for them to reason as if the constructs they’re dealing with (whether they be numbers or sets or whatever) are “real things”. And we can think of that ultimate machine code as operating on things that are in effect just abstract constructs—very much like in mathematics.

Mathematics 120

Mathematics Physics Computer Algebra 120

Stephen Wolfram

JANUARY 31, 2023

It began partly as an empirical law, and partly as something abstractly constructed on the basis of the idea of molecules, that nobody at the time knew for sure existed. But, first and foremost, the story of the Second Law is the story of a great intellectual achievement of the mid-19th century.

Energy 88

Energy Physics Argumentation Mathematics 88

Stephen Wolfram

MAY 17, 2021

Traditional blockchains achieve consensus through what amounts to a centralized mechanism (even though there are multiple “decentralized” copies of the blockchain that is produced). And for example in 1978 the following “radius 3” rule (operating on size-7 neighborhoods) was constructed (and we’ll call it the “GKL rule”): &#10005.

Computer 52

Computer Achievement Mathematics Physics 52

Stephen Wolfram

MAY 13, 2022

And I think it’s fair to say that this wasn’t easy to achieve—and in the end required a pretty deep dive into the technology of imaging and printing (as I’ll describe more in a later section). But there’s a standard way to achieve the appearance of gray, by changing the local density of black and white. The Technology of Images.

Science 63

Science Sciences Computer Physics 63