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Charting a Course for “Complexity”: Metamodeling, Ruliology and More

Stephen Wolfram

But it really wasn’t physics, or computer science, or math, or biology, or economics, or any known field. In some ways, ruliology is like natural science. It’s taking the computational universe as an abstracted analog of nature, and studying how things work in it. But at least it would have a home.

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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

And indeed particularly in chemistry and engineering it’s often been in the background, justifying all the computations routinely done using entropy. As a practical matter, thermodynamics in its basic equilibrium form nevertheless became very widely used in engineering and in chemistry.

Energy 88
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Urban farming for urban families

Futurum

Food insecurity is a longstanding global problem that is tied to political, economic and social inequalities and inequities. The liberal arts consist of the natural sciences, like biology, ecology and neuroscience, formal sciences, like physics and maths, social sciences, and the humanities.