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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

But by the end of the 1800s, with the existence of molecules increasingly firmly established, the Second Law began to often be treated as an almost-mathematically-proven necessary law of physics. The theory of heat will hereafter form one of the most important branches of general physics.

Energy 88
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LLM Tech and a Lot More: Version 13.3 of Wolfram Language and Mathematica

Stephen Wolfram

Line, Surface and Contour Integration “Find the integral of the function ” is a typical core thing one wants to do in calculus. But particularly in applications of calculus, it’s common to want to ask slightly more elaborate questions, like “What’s the integral of over the region ?”, or “What’s the integral of along the line ?”

Computer 118
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The Concept of the Ruliad

Stephen Wolfram

It’s yet another surprising construct that’s arisen from our Physics Project. In the language of our Physics Project, it’s the ultimate limit of all rulial multiway systems. And here is a rulial multiway system made from hypergraph rewriting of the kind used in our Physics Project , using all rules with signature : &#10005.

Physics 122
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Computational Foundations for the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

The Second Law of thermodynamics is considered one of the great general principles of physical science. Sometimes textbooks will gloss over everything; sometimes they’ll give some kind of “common-sense-but-outside-of-physics argument”. But our Physics Project has changed that picture. Why does the Second Law work?

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Games and Puzzles as Multicomputational Systems

Stephen Wolfram

Multicomputation is one of the core ideas of the Wolfram Physics Project —and in particular is at the heart of our emerging understanding of quantum mechanics. It’s worth mentioning that the possibility of relating games and puzzles to physics is basically something that wouldn’t make sense without our Physics Project.

Physics 71
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Launching Version 13.0 of Wolfram Language + Mathematica

Stephen Wolfram

When you do operations on Around numbers the “errors” are combined using a certain calculus of errors that’s effectively based on Gaussian distributions—and the results you get are always in some sense statistical. Also in the area of calculus we’ve added various conveniences to the handling of differential equations.