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What Is ChatGPT Doing … and Why Does It Work?

Stephen Wolfram

Because for some reason—that maybe one day we’ll have a scientific-style understanding of—if we always pick the highest-ranked word, we’ll typically get a very “flat” essay, that never seems to “show any creativity” (and even sometimes repeats word for word).

Computer 145
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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

It began partly as an empirical law, and partly as something abstractly constructed on the basis of the idea of molecules, that nobody at the time knew for sure existed. But what’s important for our purposes here is that in the setup Carnot constructed he basically ended up introducing the Second Law.

Energy 88
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The Physicalization of Metamathematics and Its Implications for the Foundations of Mathematics

Stephen Wolfram

When most working mathematicians do mathematics it seems to be typical for them to reason as if the constructs they’re dealing with (whether they be numbers or sets or whatever) are “real things”. And we can think of that ultimate machine code as operating on things that are in effect just abstract constructs—very much like in mathematics.