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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

And indeed particularly in chemistry and engineering it’s often been in the background, justifying all the computations routinely done using entropy. There was also a sense that regardless of its foundations, the Second Law was successfully used in practice.

Energy 88
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Launching Version 13.0 of Wolfram Language + Mathematica

Stephen Wolfram

When you do operations on Around numbers the “errors” are combined using a certain calculus of errors that’s effectively based on Gaussian distributions—and the results you get are always in some sense statistical. Also in the area of calculus we’ve added various conveniences to the handling of differential equations. In Version 13.0

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Even beyond Physics: Introducing Multicomputation as a Fourth General Paradigm for Theoretical Science

Stephen Wolfram

But with the multicomputational paradigm there’s now the remarkable possibility that this feature of physics could be transported to many other fields—and could deliver there what’s in many cases been seen as a “holy grail” of finding “physics-like” laws. Chemistry / Molecular Biology. Perhaps not for chemistry as it’s done today.

Physics 65
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Multicomputation: A Fourth Paradigm for Theoretical Science

Stephen Wolfram

But with the multicomputational paradigm there’s now the remarkable possibility that this feature of physics could be transported to many other fields—and could deliver there what’s in many cases been seen as a “holy grail” of finding “physics-like” laws. Chemistry / Molecular Biology. Perhaps not for chemistry as it’s done today.

Science 64
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Computational Foundations for the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

Once one has the idea of “equilibrium”, one can then start to think of its properties as purely being functions of certain parameters—and this opens up all sorts of calculus-based mathematical opportunities. But what if we’re more flexible in what we consider the objective of the demon to be?