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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

He’s writing a paper, he says, basically to clarify the Second Law, (or, as he calls it, “the second fundamental theorem”—rather confidently asserting that he will “prove this theorem”): Part of the issue he’s trying to address is how the calculus is done: The partial derivative symbol ∂ had been introduced in the late 1700s.

Energy 88
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The Concept of the Ruliad

Stephen Wolfram

For integers, the obvious notion of equivalence is numerical equality. The global structures of metamathematics , economics , linguistics and evolutionary biology seem likely to provide examples—and in each case we can expect that at the core is the ruliad, with its unique structure. For hypergraphs, it’s isomorphism.

Physics 122
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The Physicalization of Metamathematics and Its Implications for the Foundations of Mathematics

Stephen Wolfram

And if we’re going to make a “general theory of mathematics” a first step is to do something like we’d typically do in natural science, and try to “drill down” to find a uniform underlying model—or at least representation—for all of them. and at t steps gives a total number of rules equal to: &#10005. &#10005.