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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

Kelvin’s ideas about the inevitable dissipation of “useful energy” spread quickly—by 1854, for example, finding their way into an eloquent public lecture by Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894). Helmholtz had trained as a doctor, becoming in 1843 a surgeon to a German military regiment.

Energy 88
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Launching Version 13.0 of Wolfram Language + Mathematica

Stephen Wolfram

When you do operations on Around numbers the “errors” are combined using a certain calculus of errors that’s effectively based on Gaussian distributions—and the results you get are always in some sense statistical. Also in the area of calculus we’ve added various conveniences to the handling of differential equations. 1/(24 60 60+1.).