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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

And indeed particularly in chemistry and engineering it’s often been in the background, justifying all the computations routinely done using entropy. There had been precursors of steam engines even in antiquity, but it was only in 1712 that the first practical steam engine was developed. Lazare Carnot died in 1823.

Energy 88
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Can AI Solve Science?

Stephen Wolfram

of what’s now Wolfram Language —we were trying to develop algorithms to compute hundreds of mathematical special functions over very broad ranges of arguments. Indeed, in many proofs—as well as in many engineering systems—one may need to build on an immense number of excruciating details to get to the final “interesting result”.

Science 122
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Remembering the Improbable Life of Ed Fredkin (1934–2023) and His World of Ideas and Stories

Stephen Wolfram

His father ’s university engineering studies had been cut short by the Russian Revolution, and he now had a one-man wholesale electronic parts business. And the person he saw there was their “vice president of engineering psychology”—a certain J. He’s not doing “science” and “empirically seeing what cellular automata do”.