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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

But by the end of the 1800s, with the existence of molecules increasingly firmly established, the Second Law began to often be treated as an almost-mathematically-proven necessary law of physics. There were still mathematical loose ends, as well as issues such as its application to living systems and to systems involving gravity.

Energy 88
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Plant polymers as plastic alternatives

Futurum

© Dr Maria Spencer About biological engineering Biological engineering integrates concepts from life sciences with practices from engineering. Its scope is huge, ranging from the engineering of molecules through to entire ecosystems. Biological engineering is one of the most exciting disciplines out there.

Biology 84
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Can AI Solve Science?

Stephen Wolfram

Three centuries ago science was transformed by the idea of representing the world using mathematics. And that’s for example why things like mathematical formulas have been able to be as successful in science as they have. But what I want to do here is to discuss what amount to deeper questions about AI in science.

Science 122
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Connecting STEAM Education and Computer Science

Ellipsis Education

You may be familiar with the term STEM, which standards for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) use creative processes to observe, interpret, and analyze the world around us. Primary Elementary. But what does STEAM stand for?

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Even beyond Physics: Introducing Multicomputation as a Fourth General Paradigm for Theoretical Science

Stephen Wolfram

Many would say that modern exact science was launched in the 1600s with the introduction of what we can call the “ mathematical paradigm ”: the idea that things in the world can be described by mathematical equations—and that their behavior can be determined by finding solutions to these equations.

Physics 65
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Multicomputation: A Fourth Paradigm for Theoretical Science

Stephen Wolfram

Many would say that modern exact science was launched in the 1600s with the introduction of what we can call the “ mathematical paradigm ”: the idea that things in the world can be described by mathematical equations—and that their behavior can be determined by finding solutions to these equations.

Science 64
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The heart of the loop: Reattempts without penalty

Robert Talbert, Ph.D.

be the primary measure of success in a course, and some measure of grace and flexibility will be included along with high standards and "rigor" And for other instructors, this concept raises more questions than answers. For some instructors, it provides hope that student growth will (finally!) A misplaced trust in statistics.