Remove Argumentation Remove Calculus Remove Mathematics Remove Social Sciences
article thumbnail

How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

But by the end of the 1800s, with the existence of molecules increasingly firmly established, the Second Law began to often be treated as an almost-mathematically-proven necessary law of physics. There were still mathematical loose ends, as well as issues such as its application to living systems and to systems involving gravity.

Energy 88
article thumbnail

Remembering the Improbable Life of Ed Fredkin (1934–2023) and His World of Ideas and Stories

Stephen Wolfram

It didn’t help that his knowledge of physics was at best spotty (and, for example, I don’t think he ever really learned calculus). It explains that III has four divisions: Mathematical and Programming Services, Behavioral Science, Operations, and “New York”. It says that “From a one-man operation [in 1962], I.I.I.

article thumbnail

Computer Science was always supposed to be taught to everyone, and it wasn’t about getting a job: A historical perspective

Computing Education Research Blog

My activities in computing education these days are organized around two main projects: Defining computing education for undergraduates in the University of Michigan’s College of Literature, Science, and Arts (see earlier blog post referencing this effort ); Participatory design of Teaspoon languages (mentioned most recently in this blog post ).