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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

Already the steam-engine works our mines, impels our ships, excavates our ports and our rivers, forges iron, fashions wood, grinds grain, spins and weaves our cloths, transports the heaviest burdens, etc. It appears that it must some day serve as a universal motor, and be substituted for animal power, water-falls, and air currents.

Energy 88
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A 50-Year Quest: My Personal Journey with the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

In early 1984 I visited MIT to use the machine to try to do what amounted to natural science, systematically studying 2D cellular automata. I think Yves Pomeau already had a theoretical argument for this, but as far as I was concerned, it was (at least at first) just a “next thing to try”.

Physics 95
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The Concept of the Ruliad

Stephen Wolfram

The global structures of metamathematics , economics , linguistics and evolutionary biology seem likely to provide examples—and in each case we can expect that at the core is the ruliad, with its unique structure. And we can trace the argument for this to the Principle of Computational Equivalence.

Physics 122