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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

But by the mid-1600s the idea was emerging that there could be more explicit and mechanical explanations for phenomena in the natural world. So, for example, in the late 1700s the French balloonist Jacques Charles (1746–1823) noted the linear increase of volume of a gas with temperature.

Energy 89
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A 50-Year Quest: My Personal Journey with the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

Statistical Mechanics and Simple Programs Back in 1973 I never really managed to do much science on the very first computer I used. Today I would have more strongly made the rather Feynmanesque point that if you have a theory that says everything we observe today is an exception to your theory, then the theory you have isn’t terribly useful.

Physics 95
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The Concept of the Ruliad

Stephen Wolfram

And it’s one that I think has extremely deep implications—both in science and beyond. The ruliad is an ultimate example of multicomputation, and of what I’ve characterized as the fourth major paradigm for theoretical science. And we can trace the argument for this to the Principle of Computational Equivalence.

Physics 123
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The Physicalization of Metamathematics and Its Implications for the Foundations of Mathematics

Stephen Wolfram

And if we’re going to make a “general theory of mathematics” a first step is to do something like we’d typically do in natural science, and try to “drill down” to find a uniform underlying model—or at least representation—for all of them. and zero arguments: α[ ]. &#10005. &#10005. &#10005. &#10005.