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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

Later he describes what he calls the “Principle of the Communication of Heat”. then goes on to develop what’s now called the heat equation and all sorts of mathematics around it, all the while effectively adopting a caloric theory of heat.

Energy 89
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Launching Version 13.1 of Wolfram Language & Mathematica ??????

Stephen Wolfram

You can give Threaded as an argument to any listable function, not just Plus and Times : &#10005. we’re adding SymmetricDifference : find elements that (in the 2-argument case) are in one list or the other, but not both. Now we can use the path function to make a “spiralling” tour video: College Calculus. In Version 13.1

Calculus 115
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The Concept of the Ruliad

Stephen Wolfram

The global structures of metamathematics , economics , linguistics and evolutionary biology seem likely to provide examples—and in each case we can expect that at the core is the ruliad, with its unique structure. But what about other models of computation—like cellular automata or register machines or lambda calculus?

Physics 123
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Multicomputation: A Fourth Paradigm for Theoretical Science

Stephen Wolfram

Events are like functions, whose “arguments” are incoming tokens, and whose output is one or more outgoing tokens. Chemistry / Molecular Biology. But in thinking about molecular computing it may be crucial—and perhaps it’s also necessary for understanding molecular biology. There are many.

Science 65
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Even beyond Physics: Introducing Multicomputation as a Fourth General Paradigm for Theoretical Science

Stephen Wolfram

Events are like functions, whose “arguments” are incoming tokens, and whose output is one or more outgoing tokens. Chemistry / Molecular Biology. But in thinking about molecular computing it may be crucial—and perhaps it’s also necessary for understanding molecular biology. There are many.

Physics 65
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Remembering the Improbable Life of Ed Fredkin (1934–2023) and His World of Ideas and Stories

Stephen Wolfram

It didn’t help that his knowledge of physics was at best spotty (and, for example, I don’t think he ever really learned calculus). Richard Feynman and I would get into very fierce arguments. But it also led him to the idea that the universe must be a giant cellular automaton—whose program he could invent. It’s just my nature.