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Can AI Solve Science?

Stephen Wolfram

Three centuries ago science was transformed by the idea of representing the world using mathematics. And that’s for example why things like mathematical formulas have been able to be as successful in science as they have. Perhaps even the architecture of the network can change. There’s a curious historical resonance to all this.

Science 122
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Even beyond Physics: Introducing Multicomputation as a Fourth General Paradigm for Theoretical Science

Stephen Wolfram

Many would say that modern exact science was launched in the 1600s with the introduction of what we can call the “ mathematical paradigm ”: the idea that things in the world can be described by mathematical equations—and that their behavior can be determined by finding solutions to these equations.

Physics 64
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Multicomputation: A Fourth Paradigm for Theoretical Science

Stephen Wolfram

Many would say that modern exact science was launched in the 1600s with the introduction of what we can call the “ mathematical paradigm ”: the idea that things in the world can be described by mathematical equations—and that their behavior can be determined by finding solutions to these equations.

Science 64
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A 50-Year Quest: My Personal Journey with the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

It’s a story I’ve told elsewhere , but one of the important elements for our purposes here is that in designing the system I called SMP (for “Symbolic Manipulation Program”) I ended up digging deeply into the foundations of computation, and its connections to areas like mathematical logic.

Physics 95
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Remembering the Improbable Life of Ed Fredkin (1934–2023) and His World of Ideas and Stories

Stephen Wolfram

In 2015 Ed told me a nice story about his time at Caltech: In 1952–53, I was a student in Linus Pauling’s class where he lectured Freshman Chemistry at Caltech. It explains that III has four divisions: Mathematical and Programming Services, Behavioral Science, Operations, and “New York”. And it was agreed that we would do it.