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Can AI Solve Science?

Stephen Wolfram

of what’s now Wolfram Language —we were trying to develop algorithms to compute hundreds of mathematical special functions over very broad ranges of arguments. Perhaps even the architecture of the network can change. Probably it’s because neural nets capture the architectural essence of actual brains. Mostly we don’t know.

Science 124
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A 50-Year Quest: My Personal Journey with the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

I think Yves Pomeau already had a theoretical argument for this, but as far as I was concerned, it was (at least at first) just a “next thing to try”. People had discussed reaction-diffusion patterns as examples of structure being formed “away from equilibrium”. What kinds of models could realistically be made for these?

Physics 95
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Multicomputation: A Fourth Paradigm for Theoretical Science

Stephen Wolfram

Events are like functions, whose “arguments” are incoming tokens, and whose output is one or more outgoing tokens. Chemistry / Molecular Biology. In standard chemistry, one typically characterizes the state of a chemical system at a particular time in terms of the concentrations of different chemical species.

Science 65
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Even beyond Physics: Introducing Multicomputation as a Fourth General Paradigm for Theoretical Science

Stephen Wolfram

Events are like functions, whose “arguments” are incoming tokens, and whose output is one or more outgoing tokens. Chemistry / Molecular Biology. In standard chemistry, one typically characterizes the state of a chemical system at a particular time in terms of the concentrations of different chemical species.

Physics 65
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Remembering the Improbable Life of Ed Fredkin (1934–2023) and His World of Ideas and Stories

Stephen Wolfram

In 2015 Ed told me a nice story about his time at Caltech: In 1952–53, I was a student in Linus Pauling’s class where he lectured Freshman Chemistry at Caltech. Richard Feynman and I would get into very fierce arguments. After class, one day, I asked Pauling “What is a superconductor at the highest known temperature?”