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Charting a Course for “Complexity”: Metamodeling, Ruliology and More

Stephen Wolfram

But it really wasn’t physics, or computer science, or math, or biology, or economics, or any known field. And it’s one that can “mine” the specific modeling achievements of work on complexity and bring them to a broader and more foundational level. In some ways, ruliology is like natural science.

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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

And indeed particularly in chemistry and engineering it’s often been in the background, justifying all the computations routinely done using entropy. But, first and foremost, the story of the Second Law is the story of a great intellectual achievement of the mid-19th century. Coarse-grained variables. But the paper is ending.

Energy 88
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Urban farming for urban families

Futurum

Food insecurity is a longstanding global problem that is tied to political, economic and social inequalities and inequities. The liberal arts consist of the natural sciences, like biology, ecology and neuroscience, formal sciences, like physics and maths, social sciences, and the humanities.