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Charting a Course for “Complexity”: Metamodeling, Ruliology and More

Stephen Wolfram

But it really wasn’t physics, or computer science, or math, or biology, or economics, or any known field. For three centuries theoretical models had been based on the fairly narrow set of constructs provided by mathematical equations, and particularly calculus. In some ways, ruliology is like natural science.

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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

But, first and foremost, the story of the Second Law is the story of a great intellectual achievement of the mid-19th century. There’s a discussion about H for systems that interact, and how there’s an equilibrium value achieved. It’s exciting now, of course, to be able to use the latest 21st-century ideas to take another step.

Energy 88
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The Concept of the Ruliad

Stephen Wolfram

The global structures of metamathematics , economics , linguistics and evolutionary biology seem likely to provide examples—and in each case we can expect that at the core is the ruliad, with its unique structure. But what about other models of computation—like cellular automata or register machines or lambda calculus?

Physics 122