Futurum

SEPTEMBER 7, 2023

Over about two billion years, the genomes and biologies of the two prokaryotic species became interdependent and were optimised to live harmoniously together. To achieve this, the team controls the endosymbiont genes using either sugars that mammalian cells do not use, heat produced by lasers, ultrasound or alternating magnetic fields.

Biomedical Engineering 93

Biomedical Engineering Engineering Biology Chemistry 93

Futurum

SEPTEMBER 13, 2022

Entries into GCSE single science subjects continue to rise, and maths, biology, chemistry and physics remain within the top 10 most popular A-level subjects to study, with maths being the most taken A-level subject. female), and girls remain in the minority of entrants across all A-level STEM subjects, except for biology and chemistry.

Engineering 52

Engineering Biology Chemistry STEM 52

Futurum

APRIL 12, 2023

I started studying chemistry because it seemed like something I would be able to get a job in. I soon realised I was more interested in biology because you can see the systems you are working with, so I switched degrees. In high school, I focused on math and science as my main interests were in geometry and biology.

Geography 98

Geography Publication Government Science 98

Stephen Wolfram

JANUARY 9, 2024

So many discoveries, so many inventions, so much achieved, so much learned. And key to everything we do is leveraging what we have already done—often taking what in earlier years was a pinnacle of technical achievement, and now using it as a routine building block to reach a level that could barely even be imagined before.

Computer 102

Computer Calculus Construction Accessibility 102

Stephen Wolfram

MARCH 5, 2024

Of course, it could be that all “reasonable proteins” that normally appear in biology could have certain features, and it could be “unfair” to apply the neural net to “unbiological” random ones—though for example in the adaptive immune system, biology does effectively generate at least short “random proteins”.) So why does this work?

Science 122

Science Sciences Computer Mathematics 122

Stephen Wolfram

MAY 16, 2022

My stated goal at the beginning of A New Kind of Science was to go beyond the mathematical paradigm, and that’s exactly what was achieved. All of these ideas rest on what was achieved in A New Kind of Science but now go significantly beyond it. In traditional chemistry, things like this generally aren’t “observed”.

Science 63

Science Sciences Mathematics Physics 63

Stephen Wolfram

JANUARY 31, 2023

And indeed particularly in chemistry and engineering it’s often been in the background, justifying all the computations routinely done using entropy. But, first and foremost, the story of the Second Law is the story of a great intellectual achievement of the mid-19th century. Coarse-grained variables. But the paper is ending.

Energy 88

Energy Physics Argumentation Mathematics 88

Stephen Wolfram

SEPTEMBER 9, 2021

But then—basically starting in the early 1980s—there was a burst of progress based on a new idea (of which, yes, I seem to have ultimately been the primary initiator): the idea of using simple programs , rather than mathematical equations, as the basis for models of things in nature and elsewhere. Chemistry / Molecular Biology.

Physics 65

Physics Science Sciences Mathematics 65

Stephen Wolfram

SEPTEMBER 9, 2021

But then—basically starting in the early 1980s—there was a burst of progress based on a new idea (of which, yes, I seem to have ultimately been the primary initiator): the idea of using simple programs , rather than mathematical equations, as the basis for models of things in nature and elsewhere. Chemistry / Molecular Biology.

Science 64

Science Sciences Physics Mathematics 64

Stephen Wolfram

AUGUST 22, 2023

In 2015 Ed told me a nice story about his time at Caltech: In 1952–53, I was a student in Linus Pauling’s class where he lectured Freshman Chemistry at Caltech. He ended up spending time working various jobs to support himself, didn’t do much homework, and by his sophomore year—before having to pick a major—dropped out.

Computer 68

Computer Physics Science Sciences 68